How do I address Indigenous folks?
- askauntieconsultin
- Jan 4, 2024
- 2 min read
Aboriginal
This term was deemed a legal term in 1982 when the Constitution Act came into effect. It has largely been replaced by the term Indigenous.
Indigenous
In Canada, when you use the word 'Indigenous', you are using an collective term that refers to three distinct groups - First Nations, Metis and Inuit. The word 'indigenous' derives from the Latin noun 'indigena' which means 'native'.
First Nation
Replaced the term 'Indian'. First Nation people are neither Inuit nor Metis.
Native
Unless you are referring to an organization that has this word in it, (i.e. Native Women's Association of Canada), this term is outdated and rarely used in respectful conversations.
Indian
Avoid this term unless it is in relation to historical references, or used in a name of government policies, such as "The Indian Act". The term "Indian' is rooted in colonialism and racism and to refer to someone as an Indian is considered in bad taste and very disrespectful.
Metis
This refers to people who have both Indigenous and European ancestry who recognize that their ancestors made a political decision to identify as Metis based on shared histories and culture. Avoid referring to Metis people as 'mixed blood'.
Inuit
These are Indigenous people of the Arctic region of Canada - do not call them Eskimos because this term is considered racist and is fading out of use.
General considerations and best practices
Avoid using a possessive phrase, such as "Canada's Indigenous Peoples / First Nations / Metis / Inuit" as it lends itself to ownership. Instead, use "Indigenous Peoples / First Nations / Metis / Inuit in Canada."
Interestingly, you may hear Indigenous people refer to themselves as one, or a combination of the above listed terms which is their choice. In order to show respect, use the term that they want to be referred to as. This means listening to what they call themselves and if you are still in doubt, simply ask the Indigenous person you are speaking with how they would like to be addressed.
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